ICE 4: Progress or step backward for German high-speed rail?

With the introduction of the ICE 4, Deutsche Bahn brought a new generation of long-distance trains into service. The concept behind the train focuses heavily on efficiency and operational flexibility.

However, one point often sparks debate: top speed.

Previous ICE generations such as the ICE 3 can reach speeds of 320 km/h. The ICE 4, in contrast, usually operates at 250–265 km/h. At first glance this appears to be a clear step backward.

But the reality of railway infrastructure complicates this comparison. Only a limited number of railway lines in Germany allow speeds above 300 km/h. Many routes are constrained by curves, mixed traffic or infrastructure limitations.

Supporters of the ICE 4 therefore argue that a slightly slower but more efficient train can perform just as well in real operating conditions.

Another major advantage lies in energy efficiency. The ICE 4 was designed to consume significantly less energy compared to older train models.

Yet the most controversial topic is passenger comfort.

Some passengers criticize tighter seating arrangements and the disappearance of traditional compartments. Many frequent travelers compare the new train to older models like the ICE 1, which is often remembered as particularly comfortable. Others see the ICE 4 in a more positive light. They emphasize increased capacity, modern technology and improved efficiency.

Ultimately, the debate highlights a fundamental question.

The ICE 4 may not be designed as the fastest train possible. Instead, it is a train optimized for a complex rail network.

And perhaps the real question is not whether it is faster – but whether it is better suited to the railway network it actually runs on.

Have you ever travelled on the ICE 4? How comfortable did you find the seats? Do you care about the lower top speed? What matters more to you: speed or comfort?

(C) Deutsche Bahn AG / Wolfgang Klee